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Volume 3, Issue 1
Tsunami Balls: A Granular Approach to Tsunami Runup and Inundation

Steven N. Ward & Simon Day

Commun. Comput. Phys., 3 (2008), pp. 222-249.

Published online: 2008-03

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  • Abstract

This article develops a new, granular approach to tsunami runup and inundation. The small grains employed here are not fluid, but bits, or balls, of tsunami energy. By careful formulation of the ball accelerations, both wave-like and flood-like behaviors are accommodated so tsunami waves can be run seamlessly from deep water, through wave breaking, to the final surge onto shore and back again. In deep water, tsunami balls track according long wave ray theory. On land, tsunami balls behave like a water landslide. In shallow water, the balls embody both deep water and on land elements. In modeling several 2-D and 3-D cases, we find that wave breaking generally causes relative runup to increase with beach slope and wave period and decrease with input wave amplitude. Because of their highly non-linear nature, runup and inundation are best considered to be random processes rather than deterministic ones. Models and observations hint that for uniform input waves, normalized runup statistics everywhere follow a single skewed distribution with a spread between 1/2 and 2 times its mean.

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@Article{CiCP-3-222, author = {}, title = {Tsunami Balls: A Granular Approach to Tsunami Runup and Inundation}, journal = {Communications in Computational Physics}, year = {2008}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, pages = {222--249}, abstract = {

This article develops a new, granular approach to tsunami runup and inundation. The small grains employed here are not fluid, but bits, or balls, of tsunami energy. By careful formulation of the ball accelerations, both wave-like and flood-like behaviors are accommodated so tsunami waves can be run seamlessly from deep water, through wave breaking, to the final surge onto shore and back again. In deep water, tsunami balls track according long wave ray theory. On land, tsunami balls behave like a water landslide. In shallow water, the balls embody both deep water and on land elements. In modeling several 2-D and 3-D cases, we find that wave breaking generally causes relative runup to increase with beach slope and wave period and decrease with input wave amplitude. Because of their highly non-linear nature, runup and inundation are best considered to be random processes rather than deterministic ones. Models and observations hint that for uniform input waves, normalized runup statistics everywhere follow a single skewed distribution with a spread between 1/2 and 2 times its mean.

}, issn = {1991-7120}, doi = {https://doi.org/}, url = {http://global-sci.org/intro/article_detail/cicp/7851.html} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Tsunami Balls: A Granular Approach to Tsunami Runup and Inundation JO - Communications in Computational Physics VL - 1 SP - 222 EP - 249 PY - 2008 DA - 2008/03 SN - 3 DO - http://doi.org/ UR - https://global-sci.org/intro/article_detail/cicp/7851.html KW - AB -

This article develops a new, granular approach to tsunami runup and inundation. The small grains employed here are not fluid, but bits, or balls, of tsunami energy. By careful formulation of the ball accelerations, both wave-like and flood-like behaviors are accommodated so tsunami waves can be run seamlessly from deep water, through wave breaking, to the final surge onto shore and back again. In deep water, tsunami balls track according long wave ray theory. On land, tsunami balls behave like a water landslide. In shallow water, the balls embody both deep water and on land elements. In modeling several 2-D and 3-D cases, we find that wave breaking generally causes relative runup to increase with beach slope and wave period and decrease with input wave amplitude. Because of their highly non-linear nature, runup and inundation are best considered to be random processes rather than deterministic ones. Models and observations hint that for uniform input waves, normalized runup statistics everywhere follow a single skewed distribution with a spread between 1/2 and 2 times its mean.

Steven N. Ward & Simon Day. (2020). Tsunami Balls: A Granular Approach to Tsunami Runup and Inundation. Communications in Computational Physics. 3 (1). 222-249. doi:
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